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28 July 2026
Genel

Explosion Prevention | 1. Physical Fundamentals

The Hemel Hempstead Explosion (England), December 2005

Storage Facility:

That day, gasoline was being loaded as usual at the Buncefield oil storage facility near Hemel Hempstead, London. However, at that moment, both the level gauge and the independent high-level switch on the tank being filled had malfunctioned. As a result of these chain reactions:

  • Approximately 190 metric tons of gasoline (about 250 m³) spilled, eventually creating an explosive atmosphere,
  • followed by explosions and a major fire,
  • causing serious damage to the property, the surrounding area, and people.

Effects of the Explosion

The effects of the explosions included the following:

  • Injuries to people (e.g., from pressure, flames)
  • Environmental pollution (e.g., release of toxic substances into the air or water)
  • Property damage (e.g., destruction of facilities and buildings)
  • Financial loss (e.g., production disruptions, fines)
  • Reputational damage (e.g., media coverage)

Requirements for an Explosion

 

Atmospheric Conditions

Atmospheric conditions are defined as follows:

  • Temperature range: -20 … +60 °C
  • Pressure range: 800 … 1,100 hPa (0.8… 1.1 bar)
  • Oxidizing agent: Air (oxygen concentration 21% by volume)

Under these atmospheric conditions, material safety data sheets, standards regarding types of protection, etc., apply.

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